Special Needs of Brachycephalic Dogs—and How to Care for Them

3 min read

If you’ve ever seen a Pug’s wrinkled face, a Bulldog’s wide grin, or a Shih Tzu’s sweet snub nose, you know brachycephalic dogs are adorable beyond measure. But those signature flat faces come with unique health challenges that owners need to understand. From breathing difficulties to heat sensitivity, these breeds require special care to keep them healthy and comfortable.

In this post, we’ll break down what makes brachycephalic dogs different, the most common issues they face, and practical steps you can take to give them the best quality of life.

Why Brachycephalic Dogs Have Special Needs

“Brachycephalic” refers to dogs with shortened skull bones, giving them a flat-faced appearance. This anatomy can cause a range of health issues collectively known as Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). Because their airways are shortened and often narrower, these dogs can struggle to breathe efficiently—especially in heat, humidity, or during exercise.

Common brachycephalic breeds include:

• Pugs

• Bulldogs (English & French)

• Shih Tzus

• Boston Terriers

• Pekingese

• Boxers

  
  

Common Health Concerns in Brachycephalic Dogs

Here are some of the most common issues to watch for:

Breathing Difficulties – Snoring, wheezing, or labored breathing are signs of airway obstruction.

Heat Intolerance – These dogs can’t cool themselves efficiently, making them prone to heatstroke.

Eye Problems – Shallow eye sockets can cause dryness, irritation, or injury.

Dental Crowding – Shortened jaws often mean crowded teeth, leading to dental disease.

Skin Fold Infections – Deep facial wrinkles can trap moisture and bacteria.

How to Care for a Brachycephalic Dog

Keeping your flat-faced friend healthy takes a few extra precautions:

1. Avoid Overheating - Keep walks short in hot weather and always provide shade and fresh water.

🔍 Tip: Use cooling mats or vests during summer months.

2. Monitor Breathing - Watch for excessive panting, blue gums, or collapse. If these occur, seek immediate veterinary care.

3. Keep Weight in Check - Extra weight makes breathing harder. Ask your vet about a diet and exercise plan tailored to your dog.

4. Maintain Eye and Skin Health - Gently clean facial folds daily and use vet-recommended eye drops if needed.

5. Schedule Regular Vet Visits - Annual or semi-annual exams help catch problems early, including airway issues that may require surgical correction.

Important Considerations

Before adopting or caring for a brachycephalic dog, keep in mind:

• Travel Restrictions: Some airlines won’t fly brachycephalic breeds due to breathing risks.

• Surgery May Be Needed: Procedures like soft palate shortening or nostril widening can improve quality of life.

• Exercise Moderation: These dogs can still enjoy playtime, but avoid intense exercise—especially in warm weather.

  
  

Advantages of Understanding Their Needs

💖 Better Quality of Life – Prevent discomfort and health emergencies.

🩺 Fewer Vet Emergencies – Proactive care can reduce costly urgent visits.

🐾 Stronger Bond – A well-cared-for brachycephalic dog is happier and more active.